Fernando de Noronha

Fernando de Noronha (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [feʁˈnɐ̃du dʒi noˈɾoɲɐ]), officially the State District of Fernando de Noronha (Portuguese: Distrito Estadual de Fernando de Noronha) and formerly known as the Federal Territory of Fernando de Noronha (Território Federal de Fernando de Noronha) until 1988, is an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, part of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, and located 191 nautical miles (354 km; 220 mi) off the Brazilian coast. Fernando de Noronha consists of 21 islands and islets, extending over an area of 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi). Only the eponymous main island is inhabited; it has an area of 18.4 square kilometres (7.1 sq mi) and a population estimated at 3,101 in 2020. While most of the archipelago is relatively low-lying, there are parts reaching more than 100 meters (330 ft) in elevation, with the volcanic rock Morro do Pico standing 323 meters (about 1,060 feet) above sea level as its highest point. The islands are administratively unique in Brazil. They form a "state district" (distrito estadual) that is administered directly by the government of the state of Pernambuco (despite being geographically closer to the state of Rio Gran